The long-established practice of extracting fossil fuels and subsidising the industries associated with it, as well as institutional and regulatory drag, pose real threats to technological progress and the renewable-energy transition towards an ecologically sustainable path, says University of the Witwatersrand Business School African Energy Leadership Centre visiting adjunct professor Dr Rod Crompton. He says the continent is “in the middle of an electricity technology tsunami”, which is, for the most part, heading in a more sustainable direction, but he questions whether these technologies can truly move humanity onto this “sustainable” path in a timely manner, owing to the slow adoption of lower emissions electricity technology in Africa.