Mining, refining, smelting investment of up to $4tr by 2030 needed to support net-zero shift …

As the world accelerates the deployment of climate technologies in support of the net-zero transition, there is a risk that materials supply might not scale at the required speed, a new McKinsey & Company report warns. To meet demand for minerals and metals used in battery electric vehicles (BEVs), wind turbines, solar panels and electrolysers, the report states that mining project development would need to far exceed historical growth rates, while the pace of exploration would also have to accelerate.