It is vital that South Africa has an in-depth understanding of the impact photonics-based technologies will have on its economic development, as they underpin the communication systems and sensors needed to drive the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The country also needs to ensure that it can develop, engineer and incorporate new photonics-based technologies into its economy and people’s daily lives, says Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) National Laser Centre (NLC) research implementation manager Hardus Greyling.